Refugium, what does it actually do?

It helps with nutrients and since all the macros in the refugium are taking all the nutrients, there's less chance of having an algae bloom in the main tank.
It provides a safe place for all the pods and critters to live and thrive without being eaten by anything(fishes). And if you're doing a reverse photoperiod as your main tank, it helps with the PH by not dropping it too low during the night.
 
It also increases water volume for better stability, and gives a nice easy place to keep a deep sand bed, where it can easily be replaced down the road, when it gets "full".
The algae use up nitrates, phosphates and other nutrients that are detrimental to coral growth. In my opinion that's the most important role.
 
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